SAN FRANCISCO Nike KD 7 Australia , Aug. 13 (Xinhua) -- Neuroscientists at the University of California, San Francisco, have discovered that the animal brain reinforces motor skills during deep sleep.
In the study published in Nature Neuroscience, the researchers found that during non-rapid eye movement, or non-REM, sleep, slow brain waves bolster neural touchpoints that are directly related to a task that was newly learned while awake.
Led by Karunesh Ganguly, associate professor of neurology at UCSF, the team implanted electrodes in the motor region of rats' brains to send electrical signals to a computer Nike KD 6 Australia , which then drove movement of a detached mechanical device, in a system known as a brain-machine interface (BMI).
Tanuj Gulati, a postdoctoral scholar and lead author of the study, explained in a news release that a particular neuron may normally be devoted to controlling a limb, but a new relationship of that neuron could be created with an external device. The redirected neuron, in this case, will contribute to controlling the external device, and the researchers can track the activity of this neuron to see how the brain integrates this new association.
Gulati and colleagues connected neurons in rat brains to implanted electrodes, which controlled a mechanical waterspout. The source of water was behind a tiny door facing away from the mice. Because the spout faced away Nike KD Shoes Australia , the rats had to learn to use a computer-driven mechanism to move it toward them. As the rats explored several strategies to control the spout, they sometimes activated neurons adjacent to the electrodes. When the proper neurons were activated, the computer moved the waterspout.
"Eventually the rats learn to delink actual movements from the spout - they know they don't really need to flinch their arm or do anything to make it move," Gulati was quoted as saying. "All they have to do is volitionally control the pipe and it will come to them."
The researchers noticed that once rats got the hang of the task while awake, certain neural patterns kept "replaying" during sleep. And these same patterns persisted after the rats woke up, which led over time to improvements in the rats' performance on the task.
To reveal sleep's contribution to successful learning, the team used optogenetics, a tool that uses light to turn neurons on or off, to suppress neural activity in a small region of the brain while the rats were sleeping deeply. Because optogenetic manipulations are precisely targeted www.kevindurantshoesaustralia.com , there was no change in the structure or amount of sleep, only a relatively small tweak in the firing patterns of the targeted brain cells.
The study confirms that truly task-relevant neural patterns are reviewed during sleep, which enables them to survive after sleep to sharpen motor performance. It is the first evidence to show that neural reactivation and rescaling, namely strengthening and weakening, both happen together during deep sleep.
The findings could lead to new medical stimulation devices, and consumer-driven wearable devices, or "electroceuticals," which stimulate brain cells and improve learning as people snooze.
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YANGON, Dec.6 (Xinhua) -- Altogether six Myanmar referees were named to manage the football and futsal matches of the 27th SEA Games Kevin Durant Shoes Australia Online , according to official daily New Light of Myanmar Friday.
U Win Cho and U Aung Moe will serve as referee and assistant referee in the matches of under-23 men's football tournament while two others, Daw Sein Cho Aung and Daw Su Nyein Aye oversee the matches of women's football tournament as referee and assistant referee and the remaining two, U Myint Khaing and Daw Aye Aye Mu, the matches of men's and women's Futsal tournaments as referees respectively.
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SOFIA, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- Tennis player Grigor Dimitrov was named Bulgaria's Athlete of the Year here on Monday.
Dimitrov, 23, got the most votes among the 125 Bulgarian sports journalists from 53 media who participated in the event held for 57th consecutive year.
The world 11th-ranked player won three ATP titles, reached the semifinals at Wimbledon this season and became the first Bulgarian being ranked into top 10 of the ATP men's singles rankings when he was ranked 8th in April.
Sofia Mayor Jordanka Fandakova, patron of the event Nike Kevin Durant Shoes Australia , handed the award to his parents, while Dimitrov, who is preparing abroad for the new season, in a holographic address said it was a great honor for him to be elected Athlete of the Year.
Dimitrov, the first tennis player honored with this recognition, said there are many peaks to conquer in front of him, and he hopes he will be a good example for all young people.
"Thank you for your trust in me and for the thousands of Bulgarian flags that I have seen on the stands worldwide," Dimitrov said.
The weightlifter Ivan Markov, World silver medalist and European champion Kevin Durant Shoes Australia , placed second in the ranking, while the snowboarder Alexandra Zhekova, who took fifth place at Sochi Winter Olympics, came third.
The award of Team of The Year went to the national rhythmic gymnastics ensemble, a world champion in 2014, and its coach Ina Ananieva took the award of Coach of The Year.
Meanwhile, Athlete with disabilities for 2014 was Stela Eneva, who won European titles in women's shot put and discus throw.
BEIJING, Nov. 22 (Xinhua) -- Following are the men's 10 Nike PG 2 Australia ,000m results at the world athletics championships here on Saturday:
1. Mohamed Farah, Britain, 27:01.13
2. Geoffrey Kipsang Kamworor, Kenya, 27:01.76
3. Paul Kipngetich Tanui, Kenya, 27:02.83
4. Bedan Karoki Muchiri, Kenya, 27:04.77
5. Galen Rupp Nike PG 1 Australia , United States, 27:08.91
6. Abrar Osman, Eritrea, 27:43.21
7. Ali Kaya, Turkey, 27:43.69
8. Timothy Toroitich, Uganda, 27:44.90
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